ABSTRACT
Secnidazole is an antimicrobial agent used primarily in the treatment of amoebiasis. For this bioequivalence study of secnidazole, twenty-eight healthy female volunteers were enrolled in a randomized crossover study. Each volunteer was given a single oral dose of secnidazole test preparation and then the reference preparation, or vice versa, with a wash out interval of two weeks. The plasma concentrations of secnidazole were determined by HPLC, and the samples were extracted with tert-butyl-methyl-ether: dicloromethane (60:40, v/v). Secnidazole and its parent compound metronidazole were separated on a C18 column with water:acetonitrile (85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase, and monitored at 310 nm. The ratio of mean Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ values for the test and reference products were within the predetermined range established by ANVISA, demonstrating that the two formulations are bioequivalent in rate and extent of absorption.
Secnidazol é um agente antimicrobiano utilizado principalmente no tratamento da amebíase. Para este estudo de bioequivalência de secnidazol em voluntários saudáveis, foram incluídos vinte e oito voluntárias mulheres no estudo randomizado cruzado. Cada voluntária recebeu uma única dose oral de secnidazol do produto teste e referência para comparação, com um intervalo de wash-out de duas semanas. As concentrações plasmáticas de secnidazol foram determinados por CLAE, as amostras foram extraídas com terc-butil-metil-éter: dicloromethano (60:40, v/v). O secnidazol e seu padrão interno metronidazol foram separados em uma coluna (C18 ) com fase móvel água ultra-pura:acetonitrila (85:15, v/v) e monitorado em 310 nm. As razões entre as médias geométricas de Cmáx, ASC0-t e ASC0-∞, encontraram-se dentro do estabelecido pela ANVISA, demonstrando que as formulações são bioequivalentes quanto à taxa e extensão de absorção.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Anti-Infective Agents , Biological Availability , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Therapeutic Human Experimentation , Amebiasis/immunology , Amebiasis/drug therapy , Amebiasis/therapyABSTRACT
According to the statistics provided by the World Health Organization [WHO], about 80% of the world population nowadays uses herbal drugs for treatment of diseases. Natural products obtained from medicinal plants, serve as a great source for drug production and are the main basis of new drug compounds. Unicellular organisms [Protozoa] are the cause of deaths and spread of diseases in various societies, especially in developing countries. There are anti-malaria herbal dugs produced from various medicinal plants, some of which are used for treatment of the disease and some under study. The first anti-malaria drug was quinine, produced from bark of the Cinchona tree. Recently, the drug artemisinin has been introduced by Chinese scientists for the treatment of malaria and is currently used extensively. Coetaneous leishmaniosis [salak] is one of the endemic diseases in most parts of Iran. Common drugs used against leishmaniosis [such as glucantim], have severe side-effects and in 10 to 25% of cases, there is a recurrence of the disease. Emetine is one of the drugs obtained from a root of the plant Ipecac, which is used for treatment of the disease sub-cutaneously. Giardiasis is an acute protozoan infection usually with no clinical symptoms, however, may appear as acute or chronic diarrhea. According to the announcement of WHO, more than 2/3 of the world's population is infected with intestinal parasites and the prevalence of giardia is higher than other intestinal parasites. Herbal drugs, such as wild garlic, eucalyptus and thyme, are some of the major plants which can annihilate the giarda cysts. Annually, 75000 to 100000 people die of amebiasis [dysentery] worldwide. Due to the motility of the organism, it causes sever pathological changes and sometimes colon ulcers, and if entered into the blood stream, it may appear as liver or brain abscess. Medicinal plants such as ipecac, mango, and papaya tree are some of the anti-amebic [Entamoeba histolytic] plants. Trichomoniasis is a protozoal urogentital infection in men and women transmitted through sexual intercourse. The most effective drug against trichomona is metronidazole, albeit, there are several reports on its side effects and its spread of resistance. Medicinal plants, such as Myrtle and Lavender are among the main plants whose extracts and essence are effective against Trichomonas vaginalis
Subject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents , Malaria/therapy , Leishmaniasis/therapy , Trichomonas Infections/therapy , Giardiasis/therapy , Amebiasis/therapy , Cinchona , Garlic , Thymus Plant , Myrtus , LavandulaABSTRACT
Amoebiasis is due to infection with the protozoan parasite Entamoeba hislolytica. The patients infected with E. histolytica must be treated right after definite diagnosis and no need to treat infected individuals with E. dispar isolates. Metronidazole is used as a drug of choice against amoebiasis. However, like a lot of other chemical agents, this drug has its own side effects. This prompted us to carry out, an in vitro research into antiamoebic effect of Iranian Allion, sativum [garlic], which has been used for centuries, as an herbal medicine, without harmful side effects. Hydro-alcoholic, hexanic extracts and essential oil of 100 gram of crushed A. sativum was isolated and the minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] of the extracts and essential oil in comparison with metronidazole were obtained on trophozoite of E. histolytica, HM-1: IMSS strain in TYI-S-33 medium. The MIC for A. sativum hydroalcoholic. hexanic extracts and essential oil after 24 hours was 60mg mL[-1], 4mg mL[-1] and 0.4mg mL[-1], respectively. After 48 hours the MIC for A. sativum hexanic extract and essential oil was 3mg mL[-1] and 0.3mg mL[-1], respectively. MIC for metronidazole was obtained 2 micro g mL[-1] and 1.5 micro g mL[-1] after 24 hours and 48 hours, in that order. Iranian A. sativum is effective on the trophozoites of E. histolytica species and the essential oil exhibited the greatest antiamoebic activity, at the lowest MIC
Subject(s)
Garlic/parasitology , Metronidazole , Amebiasis/therapy , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Antiprotozoal Agents , Oils, VolatileABSTRACT
It is presented the case of a patient with intestinal colonization by Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli e Iodamoeba butschilli. Two treatments with metronidazole did not eradicate the protozoans, however, a treatment with secnidazole showed to be effective.
Apresenta-se uma mulher com colonização intestinal por Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli e lodamoeba butschilli. Dois tratamentos com metronidazol oral não erradicaram os protozoários, porém, um tratamento com secnidazol mostrou-se eficaz.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Amebiasis/therapy , Chloroquine , Dysentery, Amebic , Entamoeba histolytica , Eukaryota , TinidazoleABSTRACT
Os autores discutem sobre as infecções relacionadas à Entamoeba histolytica, com o objetivo de proporcionar um melhor panorama do estado atual do problema
Subject(s)
Humans , Amebiasis/complications , Amebiasis/diagnosis , Amebiasis/therapy , Entamoeba histolytica , Liver Abscess, Amebic/physiopathology , Dysentery, AmebicABSTRACT
Com o evoluir da Medicina, inúmeras técnicas, métodos de diagnóstico e tratamento foram surgindo para as novas doenças constantemente descobertas. E, nessa realidade, com freqüência deparamo-nos com médicos capazes de tratar doenças complexas, com tecnologias modernas. Porém muitos se esquecem de considerar doenças básicas da comunidade, como é o caso das parasitoses intestinais, uma realidade brasileira que, embora prevalecente nas camadas socioeconomicamente menos favorecidas, afeta todos os níveis sociais. A finalidade deste artigo é promover uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e abordar as principais parasitoses, dando subsídio ao diagnóstico, e, principalmente, frisar a conscientização da necessidade das medidas preventivas
Subject(s)
Humans , Amebiasis/physiopathology , Amebiasis/therapy , Ancylostomiasis/physiopathology , Ancylostomiasis/therapy , Ascaridiasis/physiopathology , Ascaridiasis/therapy , Parasitic Diseases/classification , Parasitic Diseases/therapy , Strongyloidiasis/therapy , Giardiasis/physiopathology , Giardiasis/therapy , Oxyuriasis/physiopathology , Oxyuriasis/therapy , Schistosomiasis , Taeniasis/physiopathology , Taeniasis/therapy , Trichuriasis/therapy , Anthelmintics/administration & dosage , Helminthiasis/physiopathology , Helminthiasis/therapyABSTRACT
Foram avaliados 224 portadores de cistos e/ou trofozoítas de Entamoeba histolytica e 45 de giardia lamblia, diagnosticados através de metodologia de sedimentaçäo espontânea e de flutuaçâo de sulfato de zinco, sendo intituída a terapêutica de dose única de dois gramas de Secnidazol (Secni-plus), independente de peso ou idade. Na primeira avaliaçäo, sétimo dia de controle, 201 (89,7 por cento) pacientes portadores de E. histolytica ewncontravam-se negativos em seus exames coproparasitológicos; os demais pacientes, 23 (10,3 por cento) foram retirados da observaçäo clínica. Quarenta e quatro (97,8 por cento) pacientes portadores de G. lamblia encontravam-se negativos em seus exames coproparasitológicos, e 1 (2,3 por cento) foi retirado da observaçäo clínica. Na segunda avaliaçäo, 14§ dia após o tratamento, 180 (80,4 por cento) pacientes portadores de E. histolytica encontravam-se negativos em seus exames coproparasitológicos, sendo 90,9 por cento o índice de cura clínica dos pacientes inicialmente sintomáticos. Quarenta e um (91,1por cento) pacientes estavam negativos para G. lamblia, sendo 100 por cento o índice de cura clínica dos pacientes inicialmente sintomáticos. Os efeitos secundários adversos foram constatados somente nas primeiras 48 horas, sendo eles sabor metálico residual e náuseas, clinicamente inexpressivos. Concluem os autores que, na observaçäo clínica desenvolvida, Secnidazol (Secni-Plus) é uma terapêutica eficaz no tratamento de pacientes portadores de E. histolytica e Giardia lamblia na posologia de dois gramas, en dose única oral
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Entamoeba histolytica/parasitology , Giardia lamblia/parasitology , Nitroimidazoles/therapeutic use , Amebiasis/therapy , Giardiasis/therapySubject(s)
Humans , Pediatrics , Parasitic Diseases , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Amebiasis/diagnosis , Amebiasis/epidemiology , Amebiasis/therapy , Balantidiasis/diagnosis , Balantidiasis/therapy , Giardiasis/diagnosis , Giardiasis/therapy , Hymenolepiasis/diagnosis , Hymenolepiasis/therapy , Taeniasis/diagnosis , Taeniasis/therapyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Revisar la experiencia obtenida con el manejo de los niños con absceso hepático. Material y métodos: Se revisaron 17 expedientes clínicos de niños con diagnóstico de absceso hepático, atendidos en nueve años. Resultados: En 15 casos la etiología fue amibiana; nueve tenían títulos elevados de hemoaglutininas para la amiba. Once pacientes presentaron complicaciones (seis derrame pleural, cuatro neumonía y uno compresión de la vena cava); seis requirieron drenaje quirúrgico y uno punción percutánea. El promedio de días de hospitalización fue de 18.4 días; todos los niños evolucionaron satisfactoriamente. Comentarios: Se comentan los hallazgos con respecto a las experiencias obtenidas por otros autores
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Pediatrics , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography , Amebiasis/therapy , Abdomen/anatomy & histology , Liver Abscess, Amebic/complications , Liver Abscess, Amebic/diagnosis , Medical Records/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Presenta un estudio comparativo de 63 pacientes pediátricos portadores de amebiasis y/o giardiasis asintomáticas, para investigar la eficacia y seguridad del tratamiento con quifamida (amebicida luminal). Las edades de los pacientes estuvieron entre 3 años, 11 meses y 14 años, 6 meses. Se los dividió en subgrupos de estudio en base al criterio de presentar amebiasis sola, amebiasis más giardiasis y giardiasis sola, observándose mayor eficacia al décimo día post tratamiento (porcentaje de pacientes curados = 88.9xciento) que al día quinto de concluido el mismo (66.66xciento de pacientes curados). Se advierte que el porcentaje de curación de formas únicas es muy bueno al quinto día (86.33xciento) para amebas, y óptimo para giardias (100xciento) siendo óptimo al día 10 (100xciento), tanto para amebas como giardias...
Subject(s)
Child , Giardiasis , Amebiasis/therapy , Amebicides , Child , Patients , Urban Area , Ecuador , Poverty AreasABSTRACT
Se llevó a cabo un estudio comparativo para evaluar la eficacia clínica entre el tratamiento con secnidazol en dosis única de 2g, frente al metronidazol en dosis oral 1.5 gr. diario por ocho días. Se incluyeron 126 pacientes de un área rural venezolana donde la amibiasis es endémica. La amibiasis fue confirmada por medio de la identificación inmunoenzimática de antígenos de membrana de E histolytica con un anticuerpo monoclonal (HU5-11) y por medio del estudio coproparasitológico. Los pacientes fueron evaluados parasitológicamente los días 0,15 y 60 después del tratamiento. A los 15 días se observaron tasas de cura parasitológica de 97.6 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo secnidazol y 87.3 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo metronidazol. El secnidazol fue mejor tolerado que el metronidazol. El secnidazol demostró ser un tratamiento muy adecuado para la amibiasis en campañas epidemiológicas, debido a: que puede ser usado en dosis única, a su alta tasa de curación, fácil administración, bajo costo y muy pocos efectos secundarios
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Amebiasis/parasitology , Amebiasis/therapy , Metronidazole/therapeutic useABSTRACT
El presente estudio realizado en una población rural venezolana en 68 sujetos de ambos sexos con edades entre 15 y 76 años a los cuales se le diagnosticó amebiasis intestinal mediante la identificación de antígenos parasitarios en heces por medio de un anticuerpo monoclonal HU-511 dirigido contra una proteína de Entamoeba histolytica. A todos los sujetos se le administró un antimibiano de dosis única (secnidazol) de 2 gr. por vía oral; a 43 de los pacientes se les hicieron controles de heces a las dos semanas y a los restantes a los dos meses después. Los resultados permitieron demostrar que a los quince días del tratamiento hubo negativización en los 43 sujetos controlados (43/43) y a los dos meses permanecían negativos 62 pacientes (62/68). Pudo demostrarse la alta eficiencia del mediacmento aplicado y una baja ocurrencia de reacciones indeseables. El hecho de poder ser administrado en una sóla dosis hace del secnidazol una modalidad terapéutica cómoda para su administración y especialmente aplicable en campañas epidemiológicas en comunidades numerosas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Amebiasis/therapy , Dysentery, Amebic/therapy , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Appendectomy is the most common surgical procedure performed in routine general surgical practice. However, not all the appendices removed, are submitted for histopathological examination in this part of the world. We reviewed 1400 appendices received by our department from within our hospital and from outside the hospital. Of these 13 cases were reported as amoebic appendicitis. These patients did not have any different clinical presentation from the patients who were reported as acute appendicitis without amoebae. Microscopically these appendices had minimal neutrophil polymorph infiltration accompanied by tissue necrosis and amoebic trophozoites within the appendiceal wall. After histological diagnosis, different tests [IHA and stool examination] were done to exclude a possibility of secondary involvement of the appendix, on 8 patients from our hospital which were negative, thus confirming that these patients had primary appendiceal involvement. Hence we recommend that all the appendices removed should be subjected for histological examination, since this may help in subsequent management of these patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Appendectomy/methods , Amebiasis/therapy , Amebiasis/diagnosisABSTRACT
La amibiasis es la infección producida por el protozoario parásito Entamoeba histolytica. A pesar de que el término amibiasis incluye a todos los casos humanos de infección producidos por este microorganismo, sólo una parte de los individuos infectados presentan síntomas imputables a la penetración de las amibas en los tejidos. A esta entidad nosológica se le conoce como amibiasis invasora y al grupo de personas infectadas asintomáticamente se les denomina portadores de E. histolytica y presentan amibiasis luminal. Los estudios sobre inmunidad protectora antiamibiana se encuentran todavía en etapa experimental; sin embargo, en animales de laboratorio los resultados obtenidos han sido en general satisfactorios. Los primeros intentos de inducción de protección antiamibiana, llevados a cabo por diferentes grupos, tuvieron éxito en general. Sin embargo, hay una gran falta de homogeneridad en las condiciones utilizadas por cada grupo de investigadores, y principalmente han consistido en el uso de diferentes dosis de antígenos, en los métodos de caracterización de las cepas amibianas utilizadas, las cantidades de inóculo administradas, las vías de inmunización y los modelos animales en que se aplicaron